SA Medical - General Medicine And Imaging of Disease

Sarcoidosis Sarcoidosis is a disease in which swelling (inflammation)  occurs in the lymph nodes, lungs, liver, eyes, skin, or other tissues. Causes The cause of the disease is unknown.  In sarcoidosis, clumps of abnnormal tissue (granulomas)  form in certain organs of the body. Granulomas are clusters of immune cells. The disease can affect almost any organ of the body,  but it most commonly affects the lungs. Possible causes of sarcoidosis include: Excess sensitivity to environmental factors Genetics Extreme immune response to infection The condition is more common in African Americans than Caucasians.  Females are usually affected more often than males.  The disease typically begins between the ages of 20 and 40.  Sarcoidosis is very rare in young children. Symptoms There may be no symptoms.  When symptoms occur, they can involve almost any part or organ system in your body. Almost all patients have lung or chest symptoms: Dry  ...

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No medication is 100% effective in treating malaria.   For best results, keep using the medication as directed. Talk with your doctor if you have fever, vomiting, or diarrhea during your treatment. Mefloquine is an antimalarial agent for oral administration. Mefloquine is an antimalarial agent that acts as a blood schizonticide. It is effective against all species of malaria (P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae and P. ovale). Its exact mechanism of action is not known.  Similar to chloroquine and quinine, mefloquine appears to interfere with the parasite's ability to metabolize and utilise erythrocyte hemoglobin.  Mefloquine may exert its antimalarial action by disrupting the membrane trafficking events involved in the uptake of phospholipids. Treatment of acute malaria infections  : Mefloquine is indicated for the treatment of mild to moderate acute malaria caused by mefloquine-susceptible strains of P. falciparum (both chloroquine-susceptible and resi...

http://samedical.blogspot.com Multi-axial system The DSM-IV organizes each psychiatric diagnosis into five levels (axes) relating to different aspects of disorder or disability: Axis I :  Clinical disorders, including major mental disorders, and learning disorders Axis II :  Personality disorders and mental retardation (although developmental disorders, such as Autism, were coded on Axis II in the previous edition, these disorders are now included on Axis I) Axis III :  Acute medical conditions and physical disorders Axis IV :  Psychosocial and environmental factors contributing to the disorder Axis V :   Global Assessment of Functioning  or  Children's Global Assessment Scale  for children and teens under the age of 18 Common Axis I disorders  include  depression ,  anxiety disorders ,  bipolar disorder ,  ADHD ,  autism spectrum disorders , and  schizophrenia . Common Axis II disorders  include per...

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The cell membrane enables separation of electrical charge in the body.  The input of energy to transport ions across the membrane has created an electrical gradient - negative inside and positive on the outside Active transport of ions across the cell membrane also creates a chemical concentration gradient Electrical + concentration gradient = electrochemical gradient Osmotic equilibrium is maintained because water moves freely across the membrane. Resting membrane potential difference ECF = 0, ICF = -ve

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Biomolecules are organic molecules that are associated with living organisms. Four groups Carbohydrates Monosaccharides Fructose, Glucose, Galactose Disaccharides Sucrose (table sugar) Fructose + Glucose Maltose Glucose + Glucose Lactose Glucose + Galactose Polysaccarides Polymers of Disaccharides Glycogen  Lipids - lipid related molecules Phospholipids 3 carbon glycerol plus long fatty acids. Phosphate group (-H2PO4) saturated fatty acids - no double bonds -palmitic acid monounsaturated - one double bond - oleic acid, or Olive oil is healthy polyunsaturated - two or more double bonds - associated with atherosclerosis Trans fats - are as likely to cause atherosclerosis - OH bonds in margarines that make it solid at room temp - So it does not matter if trans fatty acid free margarine - they "all the same" Triglicerides - 90% of all fats in the body Steroids Cholesterol is the source Important component of cell membranes Eicosano...