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Showing posts with the label Physiology

The Cell and its Function

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Diagram of a typical  animal  ( eukaryotic ) cell, showing subcellular components. Organelles : (1)  nucleolus (2)  nucleus (3)  ribosome (4)  vesicle (5)  rough endoplasmic reticulum  (ER) (6)  Golgi apparatus (7)  Cytoskeleton (8)  smooth endoplasmic reticulum (9)  mitochondria (10)  vacuole (11)  cytoplasm (12)  lysosome (13)  centrioles  within  centrosome Eukaryotic  cells are about 15 times wider than a typical prokaryote and can be as much as 1000 times greater in volume.  Organisation of the Cell. The nucleus and the cytoplasm are separated by the nuclear membrane, The different substances that make up the cell are collectively called the protoplasm. The protoplasm is composed of: Water: 70 to 85% Electrolytes Na,K, Cl, HCO3, Ca, Mg, PO4 Proteins - 10 to 20% -  Structural proteins and Globular proteins (enzymes) Lipids - 2% - Phospholipids, cholesterol, triglycerides, and neutral fats.   Carbohydrates - 1% total body, but 3% of Muscles and 6% of Liver cells. S